![]() The Russian Empire had spread to the Baltic Sea and to the German and Austria-Hungary empires. The Ottoman Empire, dating back to 1299, included Turkey and many of the countries of today’s Middle East. Great empires ruled huge areas, and colonialism defined other disparate parts of the globe. The map of Europe and the Middle East looked very different than it does today. The scale of the bloodbath so exceeded anything prior to it that it was deemed, “The War to End All Wars.” News stories, photographs and film from the trenches validated the characterization. As a proportion of the 1914 population, this would be equivalent to 123 million dead and wounded of the world’s current population. Ten million soldiers died in the war and twenty million were severely wounded. ![]() What is generally referred to today as World War II was called the Great War in its aftermath. ![]()
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